The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to global health and the global economy. The
ongoing race to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2 …

Introduction Microneedles are emerging as a promising technology for vaccine delivery, with
numerous advantages over traditional needle and syringe methods. Preclinical studies have …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than
160 million people and resulted in more than 3.3 million deaths, and despite the availability …

As of April 22, 2021, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has sickened more
than 142 million people and taken more than 3 million lives worldwide. 1 Although …

The necessity for multiple injections and cold‐chain storage has contributed to suboptimal
vaccine utilization, especially in pandemic situations. Thermally‐stable and single …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a single-stranded RNA virus whose sequence is …

Extensive research is underway to discover a safe and effective vehicle to deliver the
vaccines at the desired cutaneous site. These efforts majorly comprise the development of a …

In 2019, an 'influenza pandemic'and 'vaccine hesitancy'were listed as two of the top 10
challenges to global health by the WHO. The skin is a unique vaccination site, due to its …

Background Coronaviruses pose a serious threat to global health as evidenced by Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and …

Background Over 14 million people die each year from infectious diseases despite
extensive vaccine use. The needle and syringe—first invented in 1853—is still the primary …