The lack of initiative, drive or effort in patients with schizophrenia is linked to marked
functional impairments. However, our assessment of effort and motivation is crude, relying …

Effort-based decision making requires one to decide how much effort to expend for a certain
amount of reward. As the amount of reward goes up most people are willing to exert more …

The cognitive and affective factors implicated in the motivational impairments seen in many
people with schizophrenia remain poorly understood. Many research groups have done …

Because negative symptoms, including motivational deficits, are a critical unmet need in
schizophrenia, there are many ongoing efforts to develop new pharmacological and …

Highlights•Motivational deficits in schizophrenia may arise, in part, due to reduced
effort.•Studies show striatal and cingulate activation are associated with effort deficits.•Future …

Motivation deficits are common in schizophrenia, but little is known about underlying
mechanisms, or the specific goals that people with schizophrenia set in daily life. Using …

BACKGROUND: Decision-making studies show that response selection is influenced by the
“effort cost” associated with response alternatives. These effort-cost calculations seem to be …

Background Motivational impairments are a core feature of schizophrenia and although
there are numerous reports studying this feature using clinical rating scales, objective …

Motivational deficits in schizophrenia are proposed to be attributable in part to abnormal
effort-cost computations. Inflated subjective cognitive effort costs may explain diminished …

Effort-based decision making paradigms are increasingly utilized to gain insight into the
nature of motivation deficits. Although these tasks are being used to assess effort and …