Anemia of inflammation (AI), also known as anemia of chronic disease (ACD), is regarded
as the most frequent anemia in hospitalized and chronically ill patients. It is prevalent in …

Anemia of Inflammation Anemia of inflammation is a common normocytic, normochromic
anemia associated with systemic inflammation that increases the level of hepcidin and …

Anemia is very common in patients with inflammatory disorders. Its prevalence is associated
with severity of the underlying disease, and it negatively affects quality of life and cardio …

Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection are increasingly reported, although
the drivers of post-acute sequelae (PASC) of COVID-19 are unclear. Here we assessed 214 …

Hepcidin is central to regulation of iron metabolism. Its effect on a cellular level involves
binding ferroportin, the main iron export protein, resulting in its internalization and …

More than 50 years of efforts to identify the major cytokine responsible for red blood cell
(RBC) production (erythropoiesis) led to the identification of erythropoietin (EPO) in 1977 …

Complex regulation of the immune response is necessary to support effective defense of an
organism against hostile invaders and to maintain tolerance to harmless microorganisms …

Abstract β-Thalassemia (BT) is an inherited genetic disorder that is characterized by
ineffective erythropoiesis (IE), leading to anemia and abnormal iron metabolism. IE is an …

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm. Virtually all PV patients
are iron deficient at presentation and/or during the course of their disease. The co-existence …

As essential components of hemoglobin, iron and heme play central roles in terminal
erythropoiesis. The impairment of this process in iron/heme deficiency results in microcytic …