Psychedelics, also known as classical hallucinogens, have been investigated for decades
due to their potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of neuropsychiatric and substance …

There is now strong evidence from animal studies that gut microorganism can activate the
vagus nerve and that such activation plays a critical role in mediating effects on the brain …

The goal of the present protocol is to describe the forced swim test (FST), which is one of the
most commonly used assays for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. The FST is …

The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the
presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive …

The forced swim test (FST) is one of the most commonly used animal models for assessing
antidepressant-like behavior. This protocol details using the FST in rats, which takes place …

The forced swim test is a rodent behavioral test used for evaluation of antidepressant drugs,
antidepressant efficacy of new compounds, and experimental manipulations that are aimed …

The forced swim test (FST), developed by Porsolt and collaborators in 1977 to evaluate
antidepressant (AD) treatments in rodents, has become extensively used for this purpose …

In everyday life, the outcomes of our actions are rarely certain. Further, we often lack the
information needed to precisely estimate the probability and value of potential outcomes as …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to participate in high-level control of the generation of
behaviours (including the decision to execute actions); indeed, imaging and lesion studies …

Rationale The chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm was first described almost 40 years ago
and has become a widely used model in the search for antidepressant drugs for major …