Scoliosis is a three dimensional deformity of the spine that is one of the most common
musculoskeletal conditions in children. This chapter reviews the most common etiologies of …

The spectrum of spinal dysraphism includes various congenital anomalies of the spinal
column and spinal cord. Clinical manifestations are varied and range from paraparesis …

Introduction Situs inversus is a rare condition of visceral transposition in which the spinal
axis is rarely affected. Case report The authors report a patient with situs inversus totalis and …

Spinal segmental dysgenesis is a complex closed dysraphism. The diagnostic criteria are:
lumbar or thoracolumbar vertebral dysgenesis causing kyphosis, focal spinal cord narrowing …

Segmental hypoplasia not associated with vertebral abnormalities was found in a Japanese
Black calf that was unable to stand. Constriction occurred between the third and 5th …

Introduction Situs inversus is a rare condition of visceral transposition in which the spinal
axis is rarely affected. Case report The authors report a patient with situs inversus totalis and …

Segmental spinal dysgenesis is a rare and challenging entity especially when associated
with occult dysraphism. Experience with a female patient followed during a period of 10 …

Sacral and lumbosacral spine agenesis, as characteristic signs of a rare congenital
malformation–caudal regression syndrome–has been well described. However …

A rare complex dysraphic malformation, comprising segmental spinal dysgenesis with
caudal agenesis, was found in a Holstein calf that was unable to stand and was slightly short …

Caudal regression is a rare congenital spinal anomaly characterized by partial or total
agenesis of the sacral and/or lumbar spine. Sacral and/or lumbosacral agenesis has been …