Background High burden of healthcare expenditure precludes the poor from access to
quality healthcare services. In Ethiopia, a significant proportion of the population has faced …

Background Financial risk protection (FRP), defined as households' access to needed
healthcare services without experiencing undue financial hardship, is a critical health …

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, out-of-pocket (OOP) payment is the key means of
healthcare financing, and expenses on medicines are a crucial component of such payment …

Background Antibiotic use related problems lead to the emergence of resistance, failure of
therapy, morbidity, mortality, and unnecessary healthcare expenditure. However, little is …

Objective China has made remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation. However, with
the change in economic development and age structure, the population stricken by poverty …

Background Out-of-pocket health payments as a means of financing health services are a
cause of concern among households in low and middle-income countries. They prevent …

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, household Out-Of-Pocket healthcare expenditure accounts
for one-third of total healthcare expenditure, is one of the highest in the world, and still …

Armenia's health spending is characterized by low public spending and high out-of-pocket
expenditure (OOP), which not only poses a financial barrier to accessing healthcare for …

This study assesses the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and identifies
the significant factors that expose households to higher levels of out-of-pocket (OOP) health …

Abstract Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures on health remain high in many low-and middle-
income countries despite policy efforts aiming to reduce these health costs by targeting their …