Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that play a major role in antioxidant
defense against oxidative stress in the body. SOD supplementation may therefore trigger the …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication which affects retinal function and results
in severe loss of vision and relevant retinal diseases. Retinal vascular dysfunction caused …

Photodynamic therapy and adipose browning induction are two promising approaches to
reverse obesity. The former strategy acts rapidly and locally, whereas the latter has a more …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …

The brain is a major metabolizer of oxygen and yet has relatively feeble protective
antioxidant mechanisms. This paper reviews the Janus‐faced properties of reactive oxygen …

The pathophysiology of sepsis and its accompanying systemic inflammatory response
syndrome (SIRS) and the events that lead to multiorgan failure and death are poorly …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a widely expressed ligand-
modulated transcription factor that governs the expression of genes involved in …

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Netrin-
1 (NTN-1) can alleviate early brain injury (EBI) following SAH by enhancing peroxisome …

The epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) necessitates the development of novel therapeutic
and preventative strategies to attenuate complications of this debilitating disease. Diabetic …

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent; however, its clinical
application is limited because of its multi-organ toxicity. Galangin (Gal) is a bioactive …