This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5.
These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can …

Phosphorus-containing drugs belong to an important class of therapeutic agents and are
widely applied in daily clinical practices. Structurally, the phosphorus-containing drugs can …

Recent studies elucidated how riboflavin transporters and FAD forming enzymes work in
humans and create a coordinated flavin network ensuring the maintenance of cellular …

The spread of the Western lifestyle has been accompanied by microbial changes thought to
underlie the emergence of chronic, nontransmissible, immune-related diseases. The past …

Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies (MADDs) are a heterogeneous group of
metabolic disorders with combined respiratory-chain deficiency and a neuromuscular …

Electrophilic cofactors are widely distributed in nature and play important roles in many
physiological and disease processes, yet they have remained blind spots in traditional …

The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes embedded in the process of
cellular respiration, which is an important process to transfer electrons and other …

The amyloid cascade hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was
proposed over twenty years ago. However, the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and …

The three members of the organic cation transporter novel subfamily are known to be
involved in interactions with xenobiotic compounds. These proteins are characterized by 12 …

Owing to the high precision and sensitivity of optical systems, there is an increasing demand
for optical methods that quantitatively characterize the physical and chemical properties of …