Over the past several decades, there has been an ever-increasing demand for organ
transplants. However, there is a severe shortage of donor organs, and as a result of the …

Tissue engineering is currently limited by the inability to adequately vascularize tissues in
vitro or in vivo. Issues of nutrient perfusion and mass transport limitations, especially oxygen …

In vitro fabrication of functional vascularized three-dimensional tissues has been a long-
standing objective in the field of tissue engineering. Here we report a technique to engineer …

One of the major obstacles in engineering thick, complex tissues such as muscle is the need
to vascularize the tissue in vitro. Vascularization in vitro could maintain cell viability during …

This work describes the formation, perfusion, and maturation of three-dimensional
microvascular tubes in vitro. These tubes consisted of confluent monolayers of human …

Recently, the field of tissue engineering has progressed rapidly, but poor vascularization
remains a major obstacle in bioengineering cell‐dense tissues, limiting the viable size of …

The construction of tissue-engineered devices for medical applications is now possible in
vitro using cell culture and bioreactors. Although methods of incorporating them back into …

This protocol describes how to form a 3D cell culture with explicit, endothelialized
microvessels. The approach leads to fully enclosed, perfusable vessels in a bioremodelable …

The ability to create thick tissues is a major tissue engineering challenge, requiring the
development of a suitable vascular supply. Current trends are seeing the utilization of cells …

Bio‐microfluidics applies biomaterials and biologically inspired structural designs
(biomimetics) to microfluidic devices. Microfluidics, the techniques for constraining fluids on …