Abiotic stresses have a detrimental impact on plant growth and productivity and are a major
threat to sustainable crop production in rapidly changing environments. Proline, an …

Agriculture in the 21st century is facing multiple challenges, such as those related to soil
fertility, climatic fluctuations, environmental degradation, urbanization, and the increase in …

Phosphorus (P) availability is usually low in soils around the globe. Most soils have a
deficiency of available P; if they are not fertilized, they will not be able to satisfy the P …

Phytohormones (PHs) play crucial role in regulation of various physiological and
biochemical processes that govern plant growth and yield under optimal and stress …

Microbes of the phytomicrobiome are associated with every plant tissue and, in combination
with the plant form the holobiont. Plants regulate the composition and activity of their …

Globally, agriculture is under a lot of pressure due to rising population and corresponding
increases in food demand. However, several variables, including improper mechanization …

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, variations in temperature, and
ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are antagonistic to plant growth and development, resulting in an …

Anthropogenic activities in the past and present eras have created global warming and
consequently a storm of drought stress, affecting both plants and animals. Being sessile …

Virtually all examined plant species harbour fungal endophytes which asymptomatically
infect or colonize living plant tissues, including leaves, branches, stems and roots …

Plant-associated microorganisms play an important role in agricultural production. Although
various studies have shown that single microorganisms can exert beneficial effects on …