Abstract Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are single-stranded, covalently closed RNA molecules
that are ubiquitous across species ranging from viruses to mammals. Important advances …

The stalling of ribosomes during protein synthesis results in the production of truncated
polypeptides that can have deleterious effects on cells and therefore must be eliminated. In …

Nonsense mutations are the underlying cause of approximately 11% of all inherited genetic
diseases. Nonsense mutations convert a sense codon that is decoded by tRNA into a …

Single-cell sequencing methods have enabled in-depth analysis of the diversity of cell types
and cell states in a wide range of organisms. These tools focus predominantly on …

Ribosomes catalyze protein synthesis by cycling through various functional states. These
states have been extensively characterized in vitro, but their distribution in actively …

Heterozygous mutations in six transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase genes cause Charcot-Marie-
Tooth (CMT) peripheral neuropathy. CMT mutant tRNA synthetases inhibit protein synthesis …

The ribosome is an ancient molecular fossil that provides a telescope to the origins of life.
Made from RNA and protein, the ribosome translates mRNA to coded protein in all living …

Stop codon readthrough (SCR) occurs when the ribosome miscodes at a stop codon. Such
readthrough events can be therapeutically desirable when a premature termination codon …

Translation is pervasive outside of canonical coding regions, occurring in long noncoding
RNAs, canonical untranslated regions and introns,,–, especially in ageing …

Cells rely on stress response pathways to uphold cellular homeostasis and limit the negative
effects of harmful environmental stimuli. The stress-and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) …