Background Evidences from human and animal studies suggest that reproductive function
may be affected by mercury. The aim of this review was to explore the mercury influence on …

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large class of environmentally
persistent chemicals used in industrial and consumer products. Human exposure to PFAS is …

The escalating prevalence of male infertility and decreasing trend in sperm quality have
been correlated with rapid industrialisation and the associated discharge of an excess of …

Congenital cryptorchidism (undescended testis) is one of the most common congenital
urogenital malformations in boys. Prevalence of cryptorchidism at birth among boys born …

Phthalates are a group of ubiquitous synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Fetal and
neonatal periods are particularly susceptible to endocrine disorders, which prenatal …

Semen quality has declined especially among Western men. Experimental and
epidemiological studies have shown potential links between exposure to environmental …

Background There is a global crisis in male reproductive health. Evidence comes from
globally declining sperm counts and increasing male reproductive system abnormalities …

Nanoplastics (NPs) have recently emerged in the context of global plastic pollution. They
may be more toxic than macroplastics litter and microplastic fragments due to its …

Infertility affects one in six couples worldwide, and fertility continues to deteriorate globally,
partly owing to a decline in semen quality. Sperm analysis has a central role in diagnosing …

The male genital tract (MGT) is the target of a number of viral infections that can have
deleterious consequences at the individual, offspring, and population levels. These …