The dramatic global rise of MDR and XDR Enterobacterales in human medicine forced
clinicians to the reintroduction of colistin as last-resort drug. Meanwhile, colistin is used in …

Polymyxins are well-established antibiotics that have recently regained significant interest
as a consequence of the increasing incidence of infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram …

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are an important and increasing
threat to global health. Both clonal spread and plasmid-mediated transmission contribute to …

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens poses a serious threat
to public health worldwide. In particular, the increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant …

Antibiotic resistance has increased markedly in gram-negative bacteria over the last two
decades, and in many cases has been associated with increased mortality and healthcare …

Colistin, also referred to as polymyxin E, is an effective antibiotic against most multidrug-
resistant Gram-negative bacteria and is currently used as a last-line drug for treating severe …

Polymyxins have recently been re-introduced into the therapeutic arsenal to combat
infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the emergence …

Antimicrobial resistance is a normal evolutionary process for microorganisms. Antibiotics
exerted accelerated selective pressure that hasten bacterial resistance through mutation …

Carbapenem-sparing strategies should be used, when feasible, for ESBL infections. The
majority of available nonrandomized studies highlight that combination for CRE seem to …

With no or low virulence in poultry, avian influenza A (H7N9) virus has caused severe
infections in humans. In the current fifth epidemic wave, a highly pathogenic avian influenza …