The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a nerve network composed of neurons and glial cells
that regulates the motor and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There is …

Fear is characterized by distinct behavioral and physiological responses that are essential
for the survival of the human species. Fear conditioning (FC) serves as a valuable model for …

A substantial body of evidence f rom lesion, pharmacological, and neurophysiological
studies supports the notion that the amygdala plays a central role in regulating fear learning …

The brain is a complex and dynamic system that underlies our behavior, emotions, and
cognition (1–3). To better understand the structural and functional organization of the brain …

This editorial highlights the limitations of preclinical models in accurately reflecting the
complexity of anxiety and depression, which leads to a lack of effective treatments for these …

Revealing the underlying pathomechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders,
searching for new biomarkers, and developing novel therapeutics all require translational …

The brain, a remarkable and intricate system, plays a fundamental role in shaping our
behavior, encompassing cognitive and emotional processes (1–3). Understanding its …

Functional brain connectivity is closely linked to the complex interactions between brain
networks. In the last two decades, measures of functional connectivity based on …

Background The immune system has major roles in the brain and related psychopathology.
Disrupted interleukin-6 secretion and aberrant amygdala emotional reactivity are well …

Neurodegeneration poses a significant challenge for the fields of neuroscience and
medicine, as it is the underlying cause of the development and advancement of numerous …