Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung
architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by an abrupt loss of renal
function. Accumulating evidence indicates that incomplete or maladaptive repair after AKI …

The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2~ 21 kPa) and its ultimate
distribution within mitochondria (as low as~ 0.5–1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended …

Renal fibrosis is the common pathological hallmark of progressive chronic kidney disease
(CKD) with diverse aetiologies. Recent researches have highlighted the critical role of …

Hypoxia and hypoxia signalling through the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1
(HIF-1), play an important role in normal tissue repair processes. Tissue injury generally …

The occurrence of a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-
coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), created a serious challenge worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 has …

The Warburg effect describes the phenomenon by which cancer cells obtain energy from
glycolysis even under normoxic (O2-sufficient) conditions. Tumor tissues are generally …

Acute vascular endothelial dysfunction is a central event in the pathogenesis of sepsis,
increasing vascular permeability, promoting activation of the coagulation cascade, tissue …

The major optical absorbers in tissue are melanin and oxy/deoxy-hemoglobin, but the
impact of skin tone and pigmentation on biomedical optics is still not completely understood …

Hypoxia is a prominent characteristic of many acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, and
exerts significant influence on their progression. Macrophages and neutrophils are major …