Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, represent the most
severe and common malformations of the central nervous system affecting 0.7–3 per 1000 …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) represent a common group of severe congenital malformations
of the central nervous system. They result from failure of neural tube closure during early …

Folate receptors (FRα, FRβ and FRγ) are cysteine-rich cell-surface glycoproteins that bind
folate with high affinity to mediate cellular uptake of folate. Although expressed at very low …

Spinal dysraphisms (SDs) are congenital malformations of the spinal cord, determined by
derangement in the complex cascade of embryologic events involved in spinal …

Kibar Z, Salem S, Bosoi CM, Pauwels E, De Marco P, Merello E, Bassuk AG, Capra V, Gros
P. Contribution of VANGL2 mutations to isolated neural tube defects. Vangl2 was identified …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) represent a common group of severe congenital malformations
that result from failure of neural tube closure during early development. Their etiology is …

Objective Congenital abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord are referred to as spinal
dysraphisms. This article reviews normal embryological development of the spine and spinal …

A variety of structural developmental anomalies affect the vertebral column. Malformed
vertebrae can arise secondary to errors of vertebral formation, fusion and/or segmentation …

Fecal incontinence, the loss of feces in the underwear after age 4 years, is a frustrating
phenomenon for children and their parents. It is difficult to treat, presenting as a single …

Congenital malformations of spine and spinal cord are collectively termed as spinal
dysraphism. It includes a heterogeneous group of anomalies which result from faulty closure …