Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary
animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking …

Lifetime relapse rates remain a major obstacle in addressing the current opioid crisis.
Relapse to opioid use can be modeled in rodent studies where drug self-administration is …

Use of prescription opioids, particularly oxycodone, is an initiating factor driving the current
opioid epidemic. There are several challenges with modelling oxycodone abuse. First …

Oxycodone, a semisynthetic derivative of naturally occurring thebaine, an opioid alkaloid,
has been available for more than 100 years. Although thebaine cannot be used …

Withdrawal from opioids involves a negative affective state that promotes maintenance of
drug-seeking behavior and relapse. As such, understanding the neurobiological …

Background and Purpose Adolescents are regularly exposed to∆ 9‐tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC) via smoking and, more recently, vaping cannabis extracts. Growing legalization of …

In the classical incubation of drug craving rat model, drug seeking is assessed after
homecage forced abstinence. However, human abstinence is often voluntary because …

The brain µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is critical for the analgesic, rewarding, and addictive
effects of opioid drugs. However, in rat models of opioid-related behaviors, the circuit …

The opioid epidemic has become a severe public health problem, with approximately 130
opioid‐induced deaths occurring each day in the United States. Prescription opioids are …

Repeated exposure to the opioid agonist, oxycodone, can lead to addiction. Here, we
sought to identify potential neurobiological consequences of withdrawal from escalated and …