Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important for the occurrence of signaling molecules and
maintenance of microenvironment within the extracellular matrix (ECM) in living tissues …

Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is considered an indispensable anticoagulant
with diverse therapeutic applications and has been a mainstay in medical practice for nearly …

Proteoglycans are core proteins associated with carbohydrate/sugar moieties that are highly
variable in disaccharide composition, which dictates their function. These carbohydrates are …

Blood-contacting catheters play a pivotal role in contemporary medical treatments,
particularly in the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, these catheters exhibit …

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein
thrombosis (DVT), poses a significant risk during and after hospitalization, particularly for …

Lyme disease (LD) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi is among the most important human
vector borne diseases for which there is no effective prevention method. Identification of tick …

Derived from bountiful marine organisms (predominantly algae, fauna, and
microorganisms), marine polysaccharides and marine oligosaccharides are intricate …

Heparin is one of the most widely used natural drugs, and has been the preferred
anticoagulant and antithrombotic agent in the clinical setting for nearly a century. Heparin …

Heparan sulfate-mimicking glycopolymers, composed of glucosamine (GlcN)–glucuronic
acid (GlcA) repeating units, bind to the receptor-binding subunit (S1) and spike glycoprotein …

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), derived from unfractionated heparin (UFH), has
enhanced anticoagulant efficacy, long duration of action, and extended half-life. Patients …