OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the benefits of caffeine vary in three subgroups of 2006
participants in the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity (CAP) trial. STUDY DESIGN: Post-hoc …

Background The developmental origin of health and disease concept identifies the brain,
cardiovascular, liver, and kidney systems as targets of fetal adverse programming with adult …

Alveolarization is the process by which the alveoli, the principal gas exchange units of the
lung, are formed. Along with the maturation of the pulmonary vasculature, alveolarization is …

The incidence of preterm birth is increasing, leading to a growing population with potential
long-term pulmonary complications. Apnoea of prematurity (AOP) is one of the major …

Background: Preterm infants≤ 32 weeks' gestation are increasingly being managed on
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), without prior intubation and surfactant therapy …

The ventilatory control system is highly vulnerable to exogenous administered opioid
analgesics. Particularly respiratory depression is a potentially lethal complication that may …

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a noninvasive form of respiratory
assistance that has been used to support spontaneously breathing infants with lung disease …

Children born early (< 37 weeks of gestation) are at high risk of a range of motor
impairments due to a variety of biological and environmental risk factors. Cerebral palsy …

Importance Clinicians aim to extubate preterm infants as early as possible, to minimize the
risks of mechanical ventilation. Extubation is often unsuccessful owing to lung disease or …

The complications of prematurity are the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide, with
the highest burden in the low-and middle-income countries of South Asia and Sub-Saharan …