Background Long‐acting bronchodilators such as long‐acting β‐agonist (LABA), long‐
acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and LABA/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) combinations …

Background: This document provides clinical recommendations for the pharmacologic
treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It represents a collaborative …

Introduction Accumulated high-quality data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs)
indicate that long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) …

Rationale: There is uncertainty on the optimal first-line therapy for symptomatic chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-acting β2-receptor agonists (LABAs) and long …

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the current evidence for long-acting β2-
agonist (LABA)/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) …

Introduction Few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have directly compared long-acting
muscarinic antagonist/long-acting β2-agonist (LAMA/LABA) dual maintenance therapies for …

Introduction Previous studies demonstrated that tiotropium/olodaterol reduced rates of
exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, this …

The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is rising in the United
States, and the disease represents a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Primary …

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) face limited
treatment options and inadequate access to palliative care. Aim: To provide a pragmatic …

Bronchodilators provide improvements in lung function and reductions in symptoms and
exacerbations, and are the mainstay of pharmacological management of chronic obstructive …