As a rodent basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is
well positioned to impact behavior. SNr neurons receive GABAergic inputs from the striatum …

In the striatum, two main types of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), denoted
striatonigral (or direct-pathway MSNs, dMSNs) and striatopallidal neurons (indirect-pathway …

Here, we describe a group of basal forebrain (BF) neurons expressing neuronal Per-Arnt-
Sim (PAS) domain 1 (Npas1), a developmental transcription factor linked to neuropsychiatric …

Striatal neurons forming the indirect pathway (iSPNs) are particularly vulnerable in
Huntington's disease (HD). In this study we set out to investigate morphological and …

The external pallidum (globus pallidus pars externa [GPe]) plays a central role for basal
ganglia functions and dynamics and, consequently, has been included in most …

The anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia and their relation to brain and behavior,
disorders and therapies, and philosophy of mind and moral values. The main task of the …

Recent discoveries of extreme cellular diversity in the brain warrant rapid development of
technologies to access specific cell populations within heterogeneous tissue. Available …

The common view that stopping action plans by the basal ganglia is achieved mainly by the
subthalamic nucleus alone due to its direct excitatory projection onto the output nuclei of the …

Understanding the neural mechanisms that control addiction processes, including drug-
seeking and relapse, is key to finding new targets for substance use disorder (SUD) …

In the present study, we generated a novel parvalbumin (PV)-Cre rat model and conducted
detailed morphological and electrophysiological investigations of axons from PV neurons in …