Bacteria possess an extraordinary repertoire of cell envelope glycans that have critical
physiological functions. Pathogenic bacteria have glycans that are essential for growth and …

SUMMARY Type IV pili (T4P) are multifunctional protein fibers produced on the surfaces of a
wide variety of bacteria and archaea. The major subunit of T4P is the type IV pilin, and …

Investigations into bacterial protein glycosylation continue to progress rapidly. It is now
established that bacteria possess both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation pathways that …

Prokaryotes have engineered sophisticated surface nanomachines that have allowed them
to colonize Earth and thrive even in extreme environments. Filamentous machineries …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains exhibit significant variability in pathogenicity and
ecological flexibility. Such interstrain differences reflect the dynamic nature of the P …

The Tad (tight adherence) macromolecular transport system, which is present in many
bacterial and archaeal species, represents an ancient and major new subtype of type II …

Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the number and diversity of prokaryotic
proteins shown to carry N‐and/or O‐glycans, with protein glycosylation now considered as …

Since phages present a major challenge to survival in most environments, bacteria express
a battery of anti-phage defences including CRISPR–Cas, restriction-modification and …

Humans have been increasingly recognized as being superorganisms, living in close
contact with a microbiota on all their mucosal surfaces. However, most studies on the human …

Bacteria can swim in liquid media by flagellar rotation and can move on surfaces via gliding
or twitching motility. One type of gliding motility involves the extension, attachment and …