Seventeen Middle Pleistocene crania from the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca, Spain)
are analyzed, including seven new specimens. This sample makes it possible to thoroughly …

Ontogenetic studies help us understand the processes of evolutionary change. Previous
studies on Neandertals have focused mainly on dental development and inferred an …

Human fossil remains recovered from the TD6 level (Aurora stratum) of the lower
Pleistocene cave site of Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain, exhibit a unique …

Human remains dating to more than 780,000 years ago are associated with a rich faunal
and lithic assemblage in the Pleistocene cave site of Gran Dolina (TD), Sierra de Atapuerca …

The earliest hominin occupation of Europe is one of the most debated topics in
palaeoanthropology. However, the purportedly oldest of the Early Pleistocene sites in …

THREE important fossil hominids were found in July 1992 in the Middle Pleistocene cave
site called Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Northern Spain). One is a …

It has long been believed that Neanderthals originated and flourished on the European
continent. However, recent morphological and genetic studies have suggested that they may …

The highly fragmented and distorted skull of the adult skeleton ARA-VP-6/500 includes most
of the dentition and preserves substantial parts of the face, vault, and base. Anatomical …

Another hominid skull has been recovered at Dmanisi (Republic of Georgia) from the same
strata in which hominid remains have been reported previously. The Dmanisi site dated to∼ …

Because of differences in craniofacial morphology and dentition between the earliest
American skeletons and modern Native Americans, separate origins have been postulated …