Studies of global sea level often exclude Tide Gauges (TGs) in glaciated regions due to
vertical land movement. Recent studies show that geodetic GNSS stations can be used to …

Studies have shown that geodetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations can
be used to measure snow depths using GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) …

Rising sea levels pose one of the greatest threats to coastal zones. However, sea-level
changes near the coast, particularly absolute sea-level changes, have been less well …

Long-and short-term variation of water level is critical in the Arctic as this region significantly
affects the global climate and ecosystems. The water level changes are conventionally …

We deduce a novel interferometric tropospheric error (NITE) formula for ground-based
global navigation satellite system interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR). This formula …

Information on sea level and its changes are important in connection to global climate
change processes. For centuries, sea level has been observed with coastal tide gauges and …

We retrieve sea levels in polar regions via GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), using signal-to-
noise ratio (SNR) observations from eight POLENET GNSS stations. Although geodetic …

Sea ice thickness is an important climate indicator and is often monitored in the form of
freeboard or total freeboard (with snow cover) using satellite altimetry. However, satellites …

Lake ice thickness is a sensitive indicator of climate change largely through its dependency
on near-surface air temperature and on-ice snow mass (depth and density). Monitoring of …

Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) tide gauges are a promising
alternative to traditional tide gauges. However, the precision of GNSS-R sea-level …