The pleural space, a sterile secluded environment in the thoracic cavity, represents an
attractive metastatic site for various cancers of lung, breast and gastrointestinal origins …

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is featured by containing malignant cells. It is a frequent
finding in patients with metastatic disease and it develops in 15% of patients with malignant …

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) poses a significant clinical problem. Current nonetiologic
management is suboptimal in terms of efficacy and safety. In light of recent research …

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is common and difficult to treat. In the vast majority of
patients the presence of MPE heralds incurable disease, associated with poor quality of life …

Pleural malignancies, including primary malignant pleural mesothelioma and secondary
pleural metastasis of various tumours resulting in malignant pleural effusion, are frequent …

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common but serious condition that is related with poor
quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Its incidence and associated healthcare costs are …

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common clinical challenge worldwide and presents a
significant healthcare burden [1]. It can complicate metastatic pleural cancers, particularly …

Lung cancer remains the most common fatal malignancy, despite more aggressive
therapies. Few patients will survive 5 years, as up to 80% of the patients will present with …

The pleural membrane consisting of pleural mesothelial cells and its underlying connective
tissue layers play a critical role in immunological responses in both local and systemic …

Summary Background/Purpose Malignant pleural effusion is a frequent situation in
pulmonary medicine. However, it is sometimes difficult to recognize the underlying etiology …