There are multiple tools to measure women's economic empowerment but limited
information exists about their cross-cultural validity and reliability. This study assesses the …

Defining and measuring women's economic empowerment (WEE) has been at the centre of
the current debates among international development scholars and practitioners. The lack of …

Purpose The majority of poor women in Africa live in rural areas, and investigating their
empowerment status and factors influencing their empowerment is therefore a tool for …

Women face significant economic, social, and cultural challenges that limit their access to
markets, quality jobs, and entrepreneurship and income-generation strategies. The big …

The gender inequality gap has widened in recent years, despite significant global
awareness and efforts to address the issue. This indicates the possibility that there is still …

Measurement of women's empowerment has grown over the last few decades, but major
challenges still exist for measuring progress in dimensions based on different situational …

Prior studies have assessed economic/instrumental dimensions of women's empowerment
relative to its agency dimensions. This study assessed ever-married women's participation in …

This paper assesses women's empowerment in Ghana in the light of the Millennium
Development Goal 3. Data for the study were drawn from the 2008 Ghana Demographic …

Women's economic empowerment (WEE) has become a crucial part of national and
international policy-making agendas in the last decades. It has also developed into a field of …

The empowerment of women is crucial for the development of a nation. This study is about
women empowerment and household income in Kira Municipality of Uganda. The objectives …