Musculoskeletal chronic pain is prevalent in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD);
however, it remains largely untreated in these patients, raising the possibility that pain …

Emerging studies have demonstrated spinal microglia play a critical role in central
sensitization and contribute to chronic pain. Although several mediators that contribute to …

Increasing evidence suggests that T cells and glia participate in the process of neuropathic
pain. However, little is known about the involvement of T cells or the interaction between glia …

Neuroinflammation is a major component in the transition to and perpetuation of neuropathic
pain states. Spinal neuroinflammation involves activation of TLR4, localized to enlarged …

Millions of people suffer from arthritis worldwide, consistently struggling with daily activities
due to debilitating pain evoked by this disease. Perhaps the most intensively investigated …

Inflammatory response induced by microglia plays a critical role in the demise of neuronal
populations in neuroinflammatory diseases. Although the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in …

The development and maintenance of neuropathic pain is now given far more attention in
the clinic work. Increasing evidence has shown that colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is …

Microglia, rapidly activated following peripheral nerve injury (PNI), accumulate within the
spinal cord and adopt inflammation that contributes to development and maintenance of …

Spinal cord microglia contribute to nerve injury‐induced neuropathic pain. We have
previously demonstrated that toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR 2) signaling is critical for nerve injury …

Background Chronic pain conditions, especially osteoarthritis (OA), are as common in
individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as in the general elderly population, which results …