Humans altruistically punish violators of social norms to enforce cooperation and pro‐social
behaviors. However, such altruistic behaviors diminish when others are present, due to a …

Human altruistic behaviors are heterogeneous across both contexts and people, whereas
the neural signatures underlying the heterogeneity remain to be elucidated. To address this …

Parochial altruism—a preference for altruistic behavior towards ingroup members and
mistrust or hostility towards outgroup members—is a pervasive feature in human society and …

Social norms are a cornerstone of human society. When social norms are violated (eg,
fairness) people can either help the victim or punish the violator in order to restore justice …

It is still debated how altruistic punishment as one form of strong reciprocity has established
during evolution and which motives may underlie such behavior. Recent neuroscientific …

Objectives The neural correlates of human cooperative behavior remain poorly understood.
Previous work has suggested that increases in striatal activation while punishing unfair …

Third-party punishment (TPP) for norm violations is an essential deterrent in large-scale
human societies, and builds on two essential cognitive functions: evaluating legal …

The willingness to incur personal costs to enforce prosocial norms represents a hallmark of
human civilization. Although recent neuroscience studies have used the ultimatum game to …

The social welfare provided by cooperation depends on the enforcement of social norms.
Determining blameworthiness and assigning a deserved punishment are two cognitive …

Humans have evolved strong preferences for equity and fairness. Neuroimaging studies
suggest that punishing unfairness is associated with the activation of a neural network …