Background Observational studies have reported an association between male circumcision
and reduced risk of HIV infection in female partners. We assessed whether circumcision in …

Background Ecological and observational studies suggest that male circumcision reduces
the risk of HIV acquisition in men. Our aim was to investigate the effect of male circumcision …

Background Observational studies suggest that male circumcision may provide protection
against HIV-1 infection. A randomized, controlled intervention trial was conducted in a …

Background Male circumcision could provide substantial protection against acquisition of
HIV-1 infection. Our aim was to determine whether male circumcision had a protective effect …

Methods HIV acquisition was determined in a cohort of 5507 HIV-negative Ugandan men,
and in 187 HIV-negative men in discordant relationships. Transmission was determined in …

Objective. To investigate the nature of male circumcision and its relationship to HIV infection.
Methods. Analysis of a sub-sample of 3 025 men aged 15 years and older who participated …

Numerous observational studies and three clinical trials have shown male circumcision
(MC) to be partially protective against HIV acquisition in heterosexual men. This has led to …

There is strong evidence that male circumcision reduces risk of HIV, syphilis and chancroid.
If results are confirmed by two ongoing trials in sub-Saharan Africa, provision of safe male …

Epidemiological and biological studies provide compelling evidence for the protective effect
of male circumcision against the acquisition of HIV. Three randomized controlled trials are …

Male circumcision provides long-term indirect protection to women by reducing the risk of
heterosexual men becoming infected with HIV. In this Review, we summarise the evidence …