Simple Summary Early and accurate bladder cancer staging is important as it determines
the mode of initial treatment. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) can be treated …

In recent times, bladder cancer has increased significantly in terms of incidence and
mortality. Currently, two subtypes are known based on tumour growth: non-muscle invasive …

Accurate grading of non–muscle-invasive urothelial cell carcinoma is of major importance;
however, high interobserver variability exists. A fully automated detection and grading …

Background One of the most challenging tasks for bladder cancer diagnosis is to
histologically differentiate two early stages, non-invasive Ta and superficially invasive T1 …

Objective To establish a model for predicting lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer
(BCa) patients. Methods We retroactively enrolled 239 patients who underwent three-phase …

Background Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is characterized by frequent
recurrence of the disease, which is difficult to predict. Objective To combine digital …

Background and objectives Radiomics and deep learning are two popular technologies
used to develop computer-aided detection and diagnosis schemes for analysing medical …

Machine learning (ML) is the subfield of artificial intelligence (AI), born from the marriage
between statistics and computer science, with the unique purpose of building prediction …

Objective The purpose of this research was to develop a radiomics model that combines
several clinical features for preoperative prediction of the pathological grade of bladder …

Deep learning (DL) is a rapidly developing field in machine learning (ML). The concept of
deep learning originates from research on artificial neural networks and is an upgrade of …