When different species experience similar selection pressures, the probability of evolving
similar adaptive solutions may be influenced by legacies of evolutionary history, such as …

A key question in evolutionary biology concerns the relative importance of different sources
of adaptive genetic variation, such as de novo mutations, standing variation, and …

During the adaptive evolution of a particular trait, some selectively fixed mutations may be
directly causative and others may be purely compensatory. The relative contribution of these …

In air-breathing vertebrates at high altitude, fine-tuned adjustments in hemoglobin (Hb)–O2
affinity provide an energetically efficient means of mitigating the effects of arterial …

High-altitude environments present strong stresses for living organisms, which have driven
striking phenotypic and genetic adaptations. While previous studies have revealed multiple …

A fundamental question in evolutionary genetics concerns the extent to which adaptive
phenotypic convergence is attributable to convergent or parallel changes at the molecular …

To investigate the predictability of genetic adaptation, we examined the molecular basis of
convergence in hemoglobin function in comparisons involving 56 avian taxa that have …

Animals that sustain high levels of aerobic activity under hypoxic conditions (eg, birds that fly
at high altitude) face the physiological challenge of jointly optimizing blood-O2 affinity for O2 …

A key question in evolutionary genetics is why certain mutations or certain types of mutation
make disproportionate contributions to adaptive phenotypic evolution. In principle, the …

Parallel evolution can be expected among closely related taxa exposed to similar selective
pressures. However, parallelism is typically stronger at the phenotypic level, while genetic …