Accumulating evidence reveal important applications of endogenous pain modulation
assessment in healthy controls and in patients in clinical settings, as dysregulations in the …

Abstract Development and application of psychophysical test paradigms to assess
endogenous pain modulation in healthy controls and in patients yielded large body of data …

As CPM methodology is optimized, studies are revealing factors that can modulate
descending pain inhibitory pathways. Understanding underlying mechanisms of CPM will …

Over the last decade, the apparent increase in placebo responses in randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) of neuropathic pain have complicated and potentially limited development and …

The reviewed literature refines the methodology used for eliciting CPM responses and
characterizing their physiological attributes in healthy individuals and pain patients, and …

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a promising psychophysical biomarker of central pain
mechanisms because it significantly discriminates patients with chronic pain from healthy …

(1) Background: In recent years, placebo and nocebo effects have been extensively
documented in different medical conditions, including pain. The scientific literature has …

The intensity of acute and chronic pain depends on interactions between peripheral impulse
input and CNS pain mechanisms, including facilitation and inhibition. Whereas tonic pain …

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a centrally processed measure of the net effect of the
descending pain pathway. This comprises both the facilitatory as well as the inhibitory effect …

Expectation and previous experience are both well established key mediators of placebo
and nocebo effects. However, the investigation of their respective contribution to placebo …