The polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are organic cations shown to
participate in a bewildering number of cellular reactions, yet their exact functions in …

The naturally occurring polyamines, spermidine, spermine, and their precursor putrescine,
play indispensible roles in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, from basic DNA synthesis …

The nuclear hormone receptor (NR) 4A subgroup of orphan nuclear receptors includes three
members, Nur77 (NR4A1), Nurr1 (NR4A2) and Nor-1 (NR4A3). Previously we have …

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common and debilitating condition that remains poorly
understood at the molecular level. To better understand the mechanisms of muscle atrophy …

Background Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists (BA) induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, yet
specific mechanisms that lead to this effect are not well understood. The objective of this …

Apoptotic cell death of cardiomyocytes is involved in several cardiovascular diseases
including ischemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure. The polyamines putrescine, spermidine …

Transgenic mice expressing proteins altering polyamine levels in a tissue-specific manner
have considerable promise for evaluation of the roles of polyamines in normal, hypertrophic …

Exposure of experimental animals to increased angiotensin II (ANG II) induces hypertension
associated with cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, and myocardial necrosis and fibrosis …

Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are essential for cell growth and
differentiation. Nitric oxide exhibits antihypertrophic functions and inhibits cardiac …

The present study examined whether metformin treatment prevents isoporterenol-induced
cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Chronic subcutaneous infusion of isoproterenol (15 mg/kg/24 …