Investigations into the interaction between radiotherapy and the host immune system have
uncovered new mechanisms that can potentially be exploited to improve the efficacy of …

Gene transfer methods are promising in the field of gene therapy. Current methods for gene
transfer include three major groups: viral, physical and chemical methods. This review …

Background The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of
pembrolizumab‐mediated programmed cell death protein 1 inhibition plus radiotherapy (RT) …

Neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer is becoming increasingly common.
However, biomarkers predicting the response to neoadjuvant therapy have not been …

Backgrounds: Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) can potentiate systemic antitumor
immune effect. However, immunomodulation during RT or CT and their clinical implications …

Preclinical evidence suggests that stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is
immunomodulatory. Given the potential to augment local and systemic antitumor responses …

Radiotherapy has extensively been employed as a curative or palliative intervention against
cancer throughout the last century, with a varying degree of success. For a long time, the …

Purpose Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has demonstrated clinically significant efficacy
when combined with chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although many …

During chronic viral infection or cancer, the immune system usually induces a corresponding
immune response against pathogens or cancer cells so as to prevent worsening disease. T …

Purpose: The tumor immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development and
progression of cancer. Sarcomas are a group of heterogeneous soft tissue malignancies that …