Palytoxin (PTX) was first isolated from the zoanthid Palythoa toxica. Evaluation of PTX
toxicity using various animal models determined that PTX was extremely potent through …

E. Habermann. Palytoxin acts through Na+, K+-ATPase. Toxicon27, 1171–1187, 1989.—
Palytoxin is the most potent animal toxin, with a unique structure. The author's group has …

Palytoxin and its derivatives have been implicated in toxic events in humans following
ingestion or inhalation, and many studies on the toxicities of these substances to animals …

The lungs provide a significant opportunity for the introduction of both therapeutic and toxic
chemicals into the human body. In occupational and domestic environments, hazardous …

Palytoxin causes potassium efflux and sodium influx in all investigated animals cells. Much
evidence points to the sodium pump (Na+/K (+)-ATPase) as the target of the toxin. A …

Palytoxin is one of the most complex and biggest molecules known to show extreme acute
toxicity. The dinoflagellate Ostreopsis spp., the producer organism of palytoxin, has been …

1. Palytoxin is one of the most potent toxins known so far. It acts as an haemolysin and alters
the functioning of excitable cells. 2. A primary action of palytoxin in excitable cells is to …

Palytoxin (PlTX) is one of the largest compound present in nature and, with its strong ability
to modify the normal function of different biological systems, is also classified as one of the …

This review highlights the current lack of therapeutic and prophylactic treatments for use
against inhaled biological toxins, especially those considered as potential biological warfare …

Heterocapsa circularisquama Horiguchi is lethal to shellfish, particularly bivalves such as
pearl oysters (Pinctada fucata Gould). No detrimental effects of this flagellate on fish have …