Microbial communities are shaped by positive and negative interactions ranging from
competition to mutualism. In the context of the mammalian gut and its microbial inhabitants …

Anemia affects a third of the world's population and contributes to increased morbidity and
mortality, decreased work productivity, and impaired neurological development …

Background Micronutrient deficiencies compromise immune systems, hinder child growth
and development, and affect human potential worldwide. Yet, to our knowledge, the only …

Vitamins and minerals are essential to humans as they play essential roles in a variety of
basic metabolic pathways that support fundamental cellular functions. In particular, their …

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is an increasingly prevalent, organ-specific, immune-mediated
disorder characterized by the destruction of gastric parietal cells, leading to the loss of …

Vegetarianism has gained more visibility in recent years. Despite the well-described effects
of a vegetarian diet on health, its influence on the quality of life of the individuals who follow …

To date, metformin remains the first-line oral glucose-lowering drug used for the treatment of
type 2 diabetes thanks to its well-established long-term safety and efficacy profile. Indeed …

Vitamins B9 (folate) and B12 are essential water-soluble vitamins that play a crucial role in
the maintenance of one-carbon metabolism: a set of interconnected biochemical pathways …

The prevalence of obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and related metabolic
disorders has been steadily increasing in the past few decades. Apart from the …

Plant-based diets (PBDs) are increasingly consumed by the Italian population and around
the world. In particular, among PBDs, the vegan diet is a food pattern characterized by the …