Over the past decades, substantial advances have been made in both the early diagnosis
and accurate prognosis of many cancers because of the impressive development of novel …

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a new standard of care for patients with
advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without EGFR tyrosine kinase or anaplastic …

Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of death by cancer worldwide. When possible, surgery
is the best treatment strategy for patients with non–small-cell lung cancer. However, even …

Background We assessed the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)
inhibition with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer …

Background Ramucirumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets the
extracellular domain of VEGFR-2. We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of treatment with …

Summary Background The phase 3 LUME-Lung 1 study assessed the efficacy and safety of
docetaxel plus nintedanib as second-line therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) …

Abstract Background In 2015, Collins and Varmus articulated a vision for precision medicine
emphasizing molecular characterization of illness to identify actionable biomarkers to …

Introduction Exploratory analysis of clinical trials in various tumor types have demonstrated
potential improvements in overall response rate (ORR) to chemotherapy after exposure to …

Purpose: Reliable and reproducible methods for identifying PD-L1 expression on tumor cells
are necessary to identify responders to anti–PD-1 therapy. We tested the reproducibility of …

Introduction The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway promotes tumor growth and
treatment resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the open-label, two …