Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) refers to metastatic tumors for which the primary tumor of
origin cannot be determined at the time of diagnosis, despite extensive clinicopathologic …

Diagnostic methods for initial diagnosis and patient stratification for treatment are key to
modern oncology, but many challenges remain. In developed countries, advances in early …

Within certain cancers, extensive copy number alterations (CNAs) contribute to a complex
and heterogenic genomic profile. This makes it difficult to understand and unravel the …

Numerous immunoassay based cancer biomarkers established in the 1970 and 1980′ ies
are widely used in clinical routine. Initial expectations of biomarkers such as CEA, CA125 …

Simple Summary Cancer is a complex disease that develops over time through accumulated
mutations in DNA that transform normal cells into a cancerous state. To fully capture the …

Mutational signatures connect characteristic mutational patterns in the genome with
biological processes that take place in the tumor tissues. Analysis of mutational signatures …

Systematic DNA sequencing of cancer samples has highlighted the importance of two
aspects of cancer genomics: intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) and mutational processes …

Multiple separate repair mechanisms safeguard the genome against various types of DNA
damage, and their failure can increase the rate of spontaneous mutagenesis. The …

Background Cancer is a collection of diseases caused by the deregulation of cell processes,
which is triggered by somatic mutations. The search for patterns in somatic mutations, known …

Background Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide. Its diagnosis and
prognosis remain scanty, imprecise, and poorly documented. Previous studies have …