This report evaluates the scientific literature on caffeine with respect to potential
cardiovascular outcomes, specifically relative risks of total cardiovascular disease (CVD) …

Background: The effect of coffee and caffeine on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular
disease (CVD) in hypertensive persons is uncertain. Objective: The objective was to …

OBJECTIVE: The beneficial effects of human caffeine consumption deserve clarification.
METHODS: A detailed literature review was conducted and summarized. RESULTS: A large …

Hipertensi tidak terkendali merupakan penyakit degenerative yang dapat menyebabkan
kerusakan pembuluh darah, jantung, ginjal, otak dan mata. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk …

Background: In 2 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, increased coffee intake was
associated with slightly higher blood pressure. However, these trials were short in duration …

Objectives The longitudinal relationship between coffee use and hypertension is still
controversial. Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is the main responsible enzyme for the …

Background—There have been discrepant findings on the association between coffee
consumption and risk of incident heart failure. Methods and Results—We conducted a …

Objectives: The association between coffee intake and hypertension (HTN) risk is
controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at summarizing the …

Some debates exist regarding the association of coffee consumption with hypertension risk.
We performed a meta-analysis including dose–response analysis aimed to derive a more …

Background—Data on the association between coffee consumption and risk of stroke are
sparse. We assessed the association between coffee consumption and the risk of stroke …