Adult neurogenesis occurs mainly in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus
and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Evidence supports the critical role of …

The'silent epidemic'of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result
of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or …

Microglia/macrophages are the major immune cells involved in the defence against brain
damage. Their morphology and functional changes are correlated with the release of danger …

Ischemic stroke is the third cause of death in the developed countries and the main reason
of severe disability. Brain ischemia leads to the production of damage-associated molecular …

Neurodegenerative diseases are disabling and fatal neurological disorders that currently
lack effective treatment. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been studied as a …

Neurogenesis is an important process in the regulation of brain function and behaviour,
highly active in early development and continuing throughout life. Recent studies have …

The nervous and immune systems have evolved in parallel from the early bilaterians, in
which innate immunity and a central nervous system (CNS) coexisted for the first time, to …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine originally identified almost 30 years ago as a B-cell
differentiation factor, capable of inducing the maturation of B cells into antibody-producing …

The magnitude of damage to cerebral tissues following head trauma is determined by the
primary injury, caused by the kinetic energy delivered at the time of impact, plus numerous …

Background Ischemic stroke is the major cause of long-term severe disability and death in
aged population. Cell death in the infarcted region of the brain induces immune reaction …