A functional interplay of bottom‐up and top‐down processing allows an individual to
appropriately respond to the dynamic environment around them. These processing …

Behavioural anxiety tests in non-human animals are used for anxiolytic drug discovery, and
to investigate the neurobiology of threat avoidance. Over the past decade, several of them …

Deficits in cognitive control—that is, in the ability to withhold a default pre-potent response in
favour of a more adaptive choice—are common in depression, anxiety, addiction and other …

Controllability over stressors has major impacts on brain and behavior. In humans, however,
the effect of controllability on responses to stressors is poorly understood. Using functional …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonly followed by intractable psychiatric disorders and
long-term changes in affect, such as anxiety. The present study sought to investigate the …

This review addresses functional interactions between the primate prefrontal cortex (PFC)
and the amygdala, with emphasis on their contributions to behavior and cognition. The …

Chronic pain patients frequently report memory and concentration difficulties. Objective
testing in this population points to poor performance on memory and cognitive tests, and …

During adolescence and early adulthood, learning when to avoid threats and when to
pursue rewards becomes crucial. Using a risky foraging task, we investigated individual …

Avoidance, a hallmark of anxiety-related psychopathology, often comes at a cost; avoiding
threat may forgo the possibility of a reward. Theories predict that optimal approach …

Decisions under threat are crucial to survival and require integration of distinct situational
features, such as threat probability and magnitude. Recent evidence from human lesion and …