Women have stronger immune responses to infections and vaccination than men.
Paradoxically, the stronger immune response comes at a steep price, which is the high …

Increasing evidence suggests estrogen and estrogen signaling pathway disturbances
across psychiatric disorders. Estrogens are not only crucial in sexual maturation and …

Importance Menopausal hormone therapy continues in clinical use but questions remain
regarding its risks and benefits for chronic disease prevention. Objective To report a …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of posttranscriptional regulators that have recently
introduced an additional level of intricacy to our understanding of gene regulation. There are …

The estrogen receptor (ER) pathway plays a pivotal role in breast cancer development and
progression. Endocrine therapy to block the ER pathway is highly effective, but its …

A comprehensive summary of more than 450 estrogenic chemicals including estrogenic
endocrine disruptors is provided here to understand the complex and profound impact of …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs play essential functions in normal
morphogenesis and organogenesis, including that occurring during mammary gland …

Estrogen exhibits a broad spectrum of physiological functions ranging from regulation of the
menstrual cycle and reproduction to modulation of bone density, brain function, and …

Background By contrast with many observational studies, women in the Women's Health
Initiative (WHI) trial who were randomly allocated to receive oestrogen alone had a lower …

While most invasive breast cancers consist of carcinomas of the ductal type, about 10% are
invasive lobular carcinomas. Invasive lobular and ductal carcinomas differ with respect to …