The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 is
associated with excessive inflammation, as a main reason for severe condition and death …

Diagnostic testing plays a critical role in addressing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV …

In comparison to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2
appears to be more contagious [1], and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients …

Dietary and bacterial metabolites influence immune responses. This raises the question
whether the increased incidence of allergies, asthma, some autoimmune diseases …

Bifidobacteria are among the predominant microorganisms during infancy, being a dominant
microbial group in the healthy breastfed infant and playing a crucial role in newborns and …

Complex and diverse communities of bacteria establish mutualistic and symbiotic
relationships with the gut after birth. The intestinal immune system responds to bacterial …

The prevailing concept regarding the immunological function of immunoglobulin A (IgA) is
that it binds to and neutralizes pathogens to prevent infection at mucosal sites of the body …

The bladder is continuously protected by passive defences such as a mucus layer,
antimicrobial peptides and secretory immunoglobulins; however, these defences are …

Generation of protective immunity at mucosal surfaces can greatly assist the host defense
against pathogens which either cause disease at the mucosal epithelial barriers or enter the …

IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the human body, and performs a very
specialized role which involves mucosal immunity, development of tolerance and protection …