Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In
addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~ 24 h) …

Abstract Circadian (∼ 24-hour) timing systems pervade all kingdoms of life and temporally
optimize behavior and physiology in humans. Relatively recent changes to our …

The cortisol awakening response (CAR), the marked increase in cortisol secretion over the
first 30–45 min after morning awakening, has been related to a wide range of psychosocial …

Life on earth has adapted to the day-night cycle by evolution of internal, so-called circadian
clocks that adjust behavior and physiology to the recurring changes in environmental …

In humans, the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal glands follows a diurnal cycle with a
profound increase after awakening. This increase after awakening, a phenomenon termed …

Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption are frequently observed in patients with psychiatric
disorders and neurodegenerative disease. The abnormal sleep that is experienced by these …

Circadian (daily) rhythms are present in almost all plants and animals. In mammals, a brain
clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus maintains synchrony between …

In most healthy people morning awakening is associated with a burst of cortisol secretion:
the cortisol awakening response (CAR). It is argued that the CAR is subject to a range …

The exposure of sheep to elevated ambient temperatures induces an increase in the
dissipation of excess body heat, in order to negate the excessive heat load. Dissipation of …

Frequently disrupted and restricted sleep is a common problem for many people in our
modern around-the-clock society. In this context, it is an important question how sleep loss …