Six weeks feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary administration of low
molecular weight sodium alginate (LMWSA) and Pediococcus acidilactici MA 18/5M (PA) on …

As an intermediate substance of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a precursor substance of
glutamic acid synthesis, the effect of alpha-ketoglutarate on growth and protein synthesis …

The effect of a commercially available compound probiotics product containing B acillus
subtilis YB‐1 (50%) and B acillus cereus YB‐2 (50%) fed to sea cucumbers, A postichopus …

The aim of the present study was to study the effects of different prebiotics (galacto‐,
fructooligosaccharide and inulin) on immune response and oxidative stress of common carp …

Complement is traditionally recognized as part of the innate immune system, defending the
host against the invasion of foreign pathogens. In complement system, C3 (complement …

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins in animal feed worldwide and
causes significant threats to the animal production. The intestine is an important mucosal …

Fish skin is an essential protective barrier and functions as the first line of immune defense
against pathogens. However, the molecular mechanism at the proteome-level remains …

Background Phenotypic changes in response to environmental influences can persist from
one generation into the next. In many systems parental parasite experience influences …

During early stages of development vertebrates rely on an immature immune system to fight
pathogens, but in non mammalian species few studies have taken an in-depth analysis of …

Ongoing climate change has already been associated with increased disease outbreaks in
wild and farmed fish. Here, we evaluate the current knowledge of climate change-related …