Most scientists describe a 'transition metal'as any element in the d‐block (groups 3 to 12) of
the periodic table. Based on their chemical properties, transition metals are essential in …

Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase-1 (CCS-1) is present in the cytosol and in the
intermembrane space of mitochondria. It transfers copper ions to superoxide dismutase 1 in …

Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine (PE) is accompanied by suppression
of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity, and copper (Cu) supplementation restores CCO …

Copper is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms as an important catalytic co-
factor for key enzymes. In higher eukaryotes intracellular copper is distributed by copper …

The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) seriously is threatening human
health and overall quality of life. The discovery of biomarkers of pathogenesis of CKD and …

Background C. elegans mitochondrial (Mit) mutants have disrupted mitochondrial electron
transport chain function, yet, surprisingly, they are often long-lived, a property that has …

Deficiencies in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) or complex IV, the last
enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, are a frequent cause of mitochondrial …

Mitochondria maintain cellular health through several cell-autonomous mechanisms, such
as energy production and calcium buffering. While mitochondria are known for these …

Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), complex II, is an important component of
both the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle. This is the only one of the …