BACKGROUND: The physiologic effects and common use of caffeine during pregnancy call
for examination of maternal caffeine consumption and risk of birth defects. Epidemiologic …

BACKGROUND: There continue to be many efforts around the world to develop assays that
are shorter than the traditional embryofetal developmental toxicity assay, or use fewer or no …

Caffeine is a widely consumed substance that occurs in numerous dietary sources, but
teratogenic effects of caffeine intake during embryonic development are still not clear. In the …

Background: It has been suggested that even mild exposure to alcohol, caffeine, smoking,
and poor diet may have adverse long-term neurodevelopmental effects. In addition, there is …

Lignin film was deposited at the surface of glassy carbon electrode potentiostatically. In
contrast to the unmodified glassy carbon electrode, an oxidative peak with an improved …

Women often experience novel food aversions and cravings during pregnancy. These
appetite changes have been hypothesized to work alongside cultural strategies as adaptive …

Abstract The International Olympic Committee, the World Anti-Doping Agency, and
International Sport Federations have banned and restricted the use of many stimulants …

Caffeine is known as a major stimulant which causes insomnia sleep disorders, headaches,
failure to concentrate, increased heart rate and blood pressure, gastric defects, diuresis and …

Objectives: The purpose of this prospective study was to examine caffeine consumption and
other signals of early pregnancy. Study Design: One hundred and five pregnant …

Epidemiological studies revealed that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) is associated with
adverse gestational outcomes and susceptibility to chronic diseases in offspring, yet the …