A realistic picture of our world shows that it is heavily polluted everywhere. Coastal regions
and oceans are polluted by farm fertilizer, manure runoff, sewage and industrial discharges …

Approximately 21% of women of reproductive age and 22% of men of reproductive age in
the United States smoke cigarettes. Substantial harmful effects of cigarette smoke on …

This committee opinion provides practitioners with suggestions for optimizing the likelihood
of achieving pregnancy in couples or individuals attempting conception who have no …

Programmed cell death claims up to 99.9% of the cells in the mammalian female germ line,
which eventually drives irreversible infertility and ovarian failure—the menopause in …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic chemicals released into the environment
by fossil fuel combustion. Moreover, a primary route of human exposure to PAHs is tobacco …

Objective: To review current knowledge on the potential effects of environmental toxicants
on female reproduction in laboratory animals, wildlife, and humans. Design: Published …

Objective To assess the effects of female and male smoking on natural and assisted
fecundity. Design A systematic review of published studies was conducted, identifying …

This review examines the major observations and principal controversies relating to the
effects of smoking and the constituents of tobacco on ovarian, uterine and placental tissues …

BACKGROUND Oocyte number is established early in life before a gradual loss of this
ovarian reserve during reproductive life until oocyte availability becomes limiting at the …

Oxidative stress occurs when cellular mechanisms to regulate levels of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) are overwhelmed due to overproduction of ROS and/or deficiency of …