Insulin resistance in muscle and liver and-cell failure represent the core pathophysiologic
defects in type 2 diabetes. It now is recognized that the-cell failure occurs much earlier and …

metabolic control by either bariatric surgery or hypocaloric diet allows for the time sequence
of underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms to be observed. In reverse order, the same …

Diabetes is characterized by" glucotoxic" loss of pancreatic β cell function and insulin
content, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A mouse model of insulin-secretory …

Recent clinical and experimental evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
contributes to the life-and-death decisions of β cells during the progression of type 1 and …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a highly prevalent and chronic metabolic disorder. Recent
evidence suggests that formation of toxic aggregates of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) …

The incretin effect, the amplification of insulin secretion occurring when glucose is taken in
orally as compared to infused intravenously, is one of the factors that help the body to …

Ceramides are a heterogeneous group of bioactive membrane sphingolipids that play
specialized regulatory roles in cellular metabolism depending on their characteristic fatty …

Diabetes is the result of having inadequate supply of functional insulin-producing β cells.
Two possible approaches for replenishing the β cells are:(1) replacement by transplanting …

Pancreatic β cell neogenesis and proliferation during the neonatal period are critical for the
generation of sufficient pancreatic β cell mass/reserve and have a profound impact on long …

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2
diabetes. In obese individuals, adipose tissue releases increased amounts of non-esterified …