Background Non-invasive pneumococcal pneumonia causes significant morbidity and
mortality in older adults. Understanding pneumococcal sero-epidemiology in adults≥ 50 …

Background Vaccination with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23)
is available in the United Kingdom to adults aged 65 years or older and those in defined …

Background Changes over the last 5 years (2013–18) in the serotypes implicated in adult
pneumococcal pneumonia and the patient groups associated with vaccine-type disease are …

Introduction: When evaluating the public health value of adult pneumococcal conjugate
vaccine (PCV) for pneumonia, regulatory agencies and vaccine technical committees …

Abstract Background Identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes by urinary antigen
detection (UAD) assay is the most sensitive way to evaluate the epidemiology of …

Background Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has declined significantly since the
introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). It is not known whether certain …

Memory B cells that are generated during an infection or following vaccination act as
sentinels to guard against future infections. Upon repeat antigen exposure memory B cells …

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) were first licensed in 2000 and have been
introduced into national immunisation programme in more than 145 countries. They have …

Background Nonbacteremic community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading
presentation of severe pneumococcal disease in adults. Serotype-specific urinary antigen …

Updated and precise molecular diagnostics are essential in disease identification, treatment
and management. Conventional technologies are limited to laboratories, which are …